What is PMDD?

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is a cyclical, hormone-based mood disorder that an individual may experience during the luteal phase of their menstrual cycle. You will notice that it typically fades within a few days of menstruation. This condition affects about 5.5% of women and other menstruators of reproductive age making it around as common as diabetes in women! In fact, the lack of awareness of this disorder leads to women spending 12 years and seeing an average of 6 different doctors just to a get a diagnosis. (Yes, these numbers are 100% real: read more). Though it's closely linked to the menstrual cycle, PMDD is not caused by a hormone imbalance. Instead, it stems from a severe adverse reaction to the natural fluctuations of estrogen and progesterone that occur monthly between ovulation and menstruation. Researchers suspect that PMDD is a cellular disorder, and ongoing studies aim to pinpoint the precise causes of its symptoms.

The severity of PMDD can vary. You might find that your symptoms range from mild to severe, potentially disrupting your daily life significantly. Remember, there is no singular experience of PMDD; it presents differently in everyone. Here are some symptoms you might experience:

• Mood/emotional changes (e.g., mood swings, feeling suddenly sad or tearful, or increased sensitivity to rejection)*

• Irritability, anger, or increased interpersonal conflicts*

• Depressed mood, feelings of hopelessness, feeling worthless or guilty*

• Anxiety, tension, or feelings of being keyed up or on edge*

• Decreased interest in usual activities (e.g., work, school, friends, hobbies)

• Difficulty concentrating, focusing, or thinking; brain fog

• Tiredness or low energy levels

• Changes in appetite, food cravings, or overeating

• Hypersomnia (excessive sleepiness) or insomnia (trouble falling or staying asleep)

• Feeling overwhelmed or out of control

• Physical symptoms such as breast tenderness or swelling, joint or muscle pain, bloating or weight gain

Note: According to the International Association for Premenstrual Disorders (IAPMD), a diagnosis of PMDD requires the presence of at least five of these symptoms, and at least one must be a "core emotional symptom"; (indicated by the asterisks above). PMDD is a serious condition that requires medical attention and a comprehensive treatment plan. By understanding your symptoms and seeking appropriate care, you can manage your PMDD and improve your quality of life!

Hop onto our next article to know more about the difference between PMDD and PME.

Sources and further reading:

https://iapmd.org/press-releases/premenstrual-disorders-mckinsey-report-closing-womens-health-gap

https://iapmd.org/about-pmdd

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder-pmdd

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/premenstrual-syndrome/expert-answers/pmdd/faq-20058315